Source details
- Authors
- Harris Onywera; Anna-Lise Williamson; Julia Ponomarenko; Tracy L. Meiring
- Journal or source
- Frontiers in Medicine
- Year
- 2020
- DOI or authoritative URL
- 10.3389/fmed.2020.00383
- Study type
- Narrative review of penile microbiota research
- Population or material studied
- Studies comparing penile microbial communities by circumcision status and related contexts.
- Major findings
- Reviews associations between circumcision status, surface environment, penile microbiota, and selected infections.
- Limitations
- Microbiota associations do not establish glans keratin thickness, restoration effects, or sexual outcomes.
- Relevance to restoration
- Provides surface-environment background only; it does not demonstrate post-restoration glans dekeratinization.
- Source-review status
- Abstract reviewed
- Last reviewed
- 2026-08-11
Reviews associations between circumcision status, surface environment, penile microbiota, and selected infections.
Read the limitations
This record is an editorial summary. Follow the DOI or authoritative source, consider the study design and population, and do not generalize beyond what was studied.